Putting invertebrates under the spotlight

Many years ago, ecologists believed that if you build it, they will come. Unfortunately, we have discovered this often isn’t true: just because you restore a habitat, it doesn’t mean the appropriate native species will return.

Because of this, we still need to monitor restoration sites to find out which species are returning and in what numbers. This data forms a vital foundation for further research and is exactly what Leilani wants to gather at the Living Laboratories sites.

She says, “There hasn’t been any kind of inventory of which terrestrial arthropods are at the Living Lab sites. It’s really hard to propose projects without knowing what’s already there, because invertebrates are so diverse and have such a range of different functions within the environment.”

The team will be going through sources such as historic studies (published and student projects), data from past Bioblitzes, iNaturalist, and natural history collections to get an idea of which species have been found at the Living Lab sites. From there, future research can fill knowledge gaps or monitor populations that have already been well-studied.

Hanafuda (translated as ‘flower cards’) is a traditional Japanese card set originally created in the 16^th century. For hundreds of years, these cards have been making their way around the world – inspiring unique versions such as Hwatu in Korea and Hanafuda Nā Pua Hawai’i.

Leilani and her team are now bringing Hanafuda to conservation in Aotearoa.

Normally the 12 suits featured in a deck of Hanafuda cards align to the 12 months of the Japanese calendar and feature flowers associated with each month.

Leilani says these 12 months can easily translate to the Gregorian calendar, and the cards can be adorned with species native to the Tāmaki Makaurau area.

Leilani says, “Graham and Kat from the Environmental Science department introduced me to the game, and it seemed like a really cool codification of local ecology and seasonality.

“It will principally be an educational resource, or tool, for engagement, which has North Island ecology and tohu as a core principle.”

Spiders aren’t usually welcome guests where people are concerned, but why is that in Aotearoa, where so few species are dangerous?

Leilani and her team are in the process of tracing the origins of language we use when we talk about spiders. Where did our current contempt come from? Is it from ideas brought over from other countries, where spiders are much more of a threat?

She says, “I'd like to draw on the existing written corpus of information, which includes ethnography, anthologies, and the way that spiders are spoken about in newspapers. That includes niupepa Māori, which were Māori language newspapers.”

Leilani is interested in how Māori relationships with our native fauna may have been changed through colonisation. If we can identify how, and to what extent, this is happening, then we might be able to repair some of the damage that has been done and avoid the same mistakes in the future.

“Terrestrial invertebrates are typically viewed in a poor light compared to charismatic megafauna,” she says, “and this has implications for their conservation. For example, in the New Zealand government’s 2020/21 budget: spiders received $9,306 in dedicated funding while Māui and Hector’s dolphins received $547,918.”

About the researcher

Dr Leilani Walker (Te Whakatōhea) is our resident entomologist with special interests in biodiversity, animal behaviour and relationships between New Zealanders and our native environment.

She is leading a group of projects aiming to better understand and enhance our connection with invertebrates in Aotearoa, with a special focus on the native species of the upper North Island.